Wednesday 21 December 2011

about mumbai


Mumbai

Having pulsating lifestyle with full of vibrancy and fun, Mumbai lives with the spirit of the changing pace set by liberalization and modernization. Mumbai is the centre of interest for foreign investors. It has changed itself into a thriving market, and an MNC's heaven.

Known as the fastest city of India, Mumbai is the only city where tourists can enjoy a fine nightlife. This is the place of beaches like Marina beach and Juhu beach, and one can also opt to see the site seeings like Gateway of India, Essel World, Mani Bhawan, Jehangir Art Gallery, Siddhivinayak Temple and Bollywood.

Mumbai is also the centre for all glamorous happenings in India with a constant stream of performances in film, music, dance and drama. Mumbai also offers lots of adventurous and romantic activities through its nightclubs, pubs, theatres, beaches and restaurants. And don't forget to taste the mouth-watering Mumbai's own pau bhaji, bhel puri and kebabs.

Mumbai History

After the death of Asoka, Bombay had been taken over by various Hindu rulers until 1343. Mohammedans from Gujarat took the possession in the same year and ruled for nearly two centuries. Then came the Portuguese in1534 and kept the name 'Bom Baia'. Portuguese built many buildings, churches and forts at Sion, Mahim, Bandra, and Bassien.

The English East India Company took Mumbai on lease from the crown for an annual sum of 10 pounds in gold in the year 1668. They shifted their headquarter from Surat to Mumbai in 1687. They corrupted the Portuguese name 'Bom Baia' to 'Bombay'. Kolis, the original fisher-folk inhabitants of Mumbai used to call 'Mumba' after Mumbadevi, the Hindu goddess.

When Mr. Gerald Aungier became the governor of Bombay, he made the city more populous by attracting Gujarati traders, Parsi ship-builders, and Muslim and Hindu manufacturers from the mainland. Sir Robert Grant (1779-1838) governor of Bombay from 1835 to 1838 constructed a number of roads between Bombay and the hinterland.

The first railway line of India between Victoria Terminus and Thana was inaugurated on 16th April 1853. The Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) and the Bombay Baroda and Central India (BB&CI) Railway were started in 1860 and a regular service of steamers on the west coast was commenced in 1869. After the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence, the East India Company was accused of mismanagement and the islands of Bombay were reverted to the British Crown.

Many buildings such as the Victoria Terminus, the General Post Office, Municipal Corporation, the Prince of Wales Museum, Rajabai Tower and Bombay University, Elphinstone College and the Cawasji Jehangir Hall, the Crawford Market, the Old Secretariat (Old Customs House) and the Public Works Department (PWD) Building were constructed in the later half of the 19th century. The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit of king George V and Queen Mary for the Darbar at Delhi in 1911.

Historic All India Congress Committee session was started on 7th of August 1942 at Gowala Tank Maidan. Mahatma Gandhi gave 'Quit India' call at this session. British arrested the Indian leaders soon afterwards but the momentum of the Quit India movement could not be stopped and led to the final withdrawal of the British on 15 August 1947.

After independence, the state of Bombay was split into Maharashtra and Gujarat states in 1960 on linguistic basis, while the former retaining Bombay city as its capital. The Congress party continued to rule Maharashtra until 1994 when the Shiv Sena-Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) replaced it. Later Bombay retained its original name Mumbai.

Places of Interest Near Mumbai

Elephanta Caves, MaharashtraElephanta Caves
Elephanta caves are in the magnificent Elephanta Island, which is 11 km from Mumbai. It has beautiful carvings, sculptures, and a temple of the Hindu God, Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site has been a commercial, military and religions centre for centuries having traces of early Buddhist culture.

Kanheri Caves
The location of the Kanheri caves is so green with wooded hills and valleys, and it is at a distance of only 42 km from Mumbai. The architectures of this cave are regarded to be one of the finest in India. According to historians, these caves scooped out between 200 BC and 600 AD. The whole complex has 109 caves cut manually on the flank of a hill; each fitted with a stone plinth that evidently served as a bed.

Marve, Manori and Gorai
These three beaches are the villages very close to Mumbai. Now this place has become quite industrialized, but its beauty remains the same. One can witness the remains of colonial time in Marve. Watching sunsets and sunrises is really appealing here. Tourists can reach Marve within an hour, as it is just 40 km from Mumbai.

Mandwa and Kihim
Kihim and Mandawa is nearly 10 km away from Mumbai. Kihim has dense coconut trees that give a pollution free green environment. This is a place for the nature lovers who want to spend some time with the beauty of the nature. The jungle of Kihim has different species of rare flowers, butterflies and birds. One can also enjoy perfect tent stay and a wonderful surfing.
Bassein, Mumbai, MaharashtraBassein
Bassein is in the peaceful location, which is 77 km away from Mumbai. It is closely similar with the India's sultry beach state of Goa. But here, crowd is a bit less and those who wish to enjoy peaceful environment must visit Basssein. This is quite of a historic place. One can see ruined forts that were built by Portuguese inside dense forests of brushwood and palm grooves. The Portuguese cuisines served by the locals are really delicious.

Khandala, Lonavala and Karla
Locating at an altitude of 625m, these hill stations for its beautiful hills, deep green valleys, huge lakes, historic forts and waterfalls etc. Lonavala and Khandala have magnificent waterfalls that give a heart catching view during monsoon. Tourists can plan their trip together with Karla, Bhaja, and Bedsa caves, which are very near from Lonavala. This hill stations are also known as the 'Jewel of Sahydri', because of its nature's gifted of beautiful valleys, hills, milky waterfalls, lush greenery, and pleasant cool winds. Khandala, Lonavala and Karla are 104 km from Mumbai and 64 km from Pune on the Mumbai-Pune highway.

Matheran
Matheran is an important hill station of Maharashtra as it is the closest one to Mumbai and Pune. This 800m high hill station is located in Alibagh district of Maharashtra. It is appealing to have a view of the valleys from this green and calm hill station. One can also see Mumbai from Hart Point. Such viewings are most suitable on clean and unclouded days.

Mumbai Entertainment

To take a break from the day long exhausted work schedules, Mumbai has lots of sites, which can give a breathing rest. Gateway of India is a popular place where foreigners as well Indians enjoy a lot in Mumbai. One can also board a short journey to Elephanta Islands from here. Even feeding the pigeons by sitting near the monument too is quite relaxing.

The well-known Chowpatty Marine Drive beach is another place of leisure, where one can enjoy the crowd as well as the cool breeze of the sea. This beach is known for the hot happenings of the city. The buggy rides, the cool breezes, the food stalls offering spicy food add to the fun. The beach belts are the perfect family sites in Mumbai.

Mumbai has number of discotheques like the 1900s at the Taj Intercontinental, the Cellar at Oberois and the Cyclone at Leela Kempinski in case one is checking in any of these 5 stars. Else one can move to the RGs, Go Bananas, Razzberry Rhinoceros or J49.

There are pubs and restaurants, which open up to late nights. The hip, hop and the happening Mumbai is dotted with pubs like the Leopold's Café Mondegar, the Tavern, The Pub, Studio, Earthquake, London Pub, Tot's, Illusions and Wild Orchids.

With the specialty restaurants mushrooming throughout Mumbai one can pack the tummies cuisines like the Chinese, Italian, Continental, Tex Mex besides the good old Indian. Chinese lovers can opt to the outlets like China Garden at Kemp's Corner, Ling's Pavilion at Colaba, Golden Dragon at the Taj, and Mainland China at Andheri.

Italian cuisines can get at Trattoria's at the President or Shatranj Napoli at Bandra. Both the continental as well as the Tex Mex cuisines can be enjoyed at the Under the Over at Kemp's Corner. One can take the pick from Vintage, Palkhi, to Khyber's Copper Chimney, Mela, et al for the Indian food.

Mumbai Travel Tips

Weather 
November to February is the coldest month in Mumbai, June to September are the monsoon months.

Local Transport
The local trains along with the local bus service run by the BEST carry the huge Mumbai's commuters. Local Trains leave every few minutes from stations in both directions from 4.30 am to 1.30 am. There are also yellow and black taxis, which are a convenient way to travel around the city. But tourists must not forget to carry a tariff card converting the meter reading into rupees fixes payment. The three-wheeled auto-rickshaws are also metered but are only confined to the outer limits of the city, around the northern suburbs.

Tourist Offices 

Government of India Tourist Office 
123 Maharshi Karve Road, Opposite Churchgate Station
Open: Monday to Friday
Timings: 8.30am to 6pm
Saturday: 8.30am to 2pm.
It also runs a 24-hour counter at the International airport and a counter at the domestic airport that stays open till the last flight.

Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC)
Nariman Point (Express Towers, 9th Floor)
Reservation Office: CDO Hutments, Madame Cama Road,
Open: 8 am to 8 pm,

Emergency Numbers
Police: 100
Fire: 101
Ambulance: 102
Indian Airlines: 612 7391/ 611 2850 (Santacruz Airport)
Enquiry: 140, (Arrival - 142), (Departure -143).
Jet Airways: 838 6111 / 619 3333
Sahara India Airlines: (Airport) 611 9375 / 9402
Sahara Airlines: 836 6700
Air India International: 287 6464
British Airways: 282 1424/ 0888
Cathay Pacific Airlines: 202 9112/9113
Gulf Air: 202 1626
Lufthansa Airlines: 202 3430
Railway Enquiry: 265 9135
Central Railway General Enquiry: 134
Western Railway General Enquiry: 131

Mumbai Shopping

Mumbai offers quite wide ranges to the shoppers. Ranges are different, and there are places, which can be suited with every type of pockets. Chor Bazaar, Mutton Street and Zaveri Bazar are some of the important areas, where shoppers enjoy with delight. Phenomenal collection of antiques, jewellery, wooden articles, leather ware and general bric-a-brac are available at Chor Bazar. But one must look into with what is buying to avoid of getting cheated.

Crawford market is famous for flowers, fruits, meat and fish. Zaveri Bazaar offers wide and good range of jewellery items. Mereweather Road behind Taj Mahal Hotel is popular for colourful and innovative carpets. Here the range is extensive, exclusive, but prices slightly higher.

State emporiums at the World Trade Centre, at Cuffe Parade are a perfect for buying souvenir, a rare artifact or textiles. The prices at the Central Cottage Industries Emporium (Apollo Bunder) and Khadi Village Industries Emporium (D.N.Road) fixed, But the quality are genuine.

The shopping arcades of five-star hotels like Oberoi and Taj Mahal offer a good variety of up-market shops. In central and suburban Mumbai, the Dadar, Bandra-Linking Road, and Juhu Road areas are good spots for shoping. Colaba and Flora Fountain (Hutatama Chowk) has full of shopping items like ethnic artifacts and departmental stores. Fashion Street is popular for affordable and up to date fashionable wardrobe. Kemps Corner, Warden Road, Breach Candy and Napean Sea Road are for those who look for the glamorous shopping.

How to Reach Mumbai

Being a metro city and the capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai is well connected to the rest of the world and India. International fights are landed at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (formerly known as Sahar Airport) while at Chhatrapati Shivaji Domestic Airport (formerly known as Santa Cruz Airport) for domestic fights.

This two airport is about 4 km apart and are approximately 30 km and 26 km away from the heart of the city - Nariman Point - in south Mumbai. The airport bus between these two airports takes an hour. Tickets can be bought either on the buses or at the booth outside the Air India Building. A shuttle bus is also operated at regular intervals between the domestic and international airports.

Mumbai Central and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (or VT) connect the city to the rest of the country. One can check the Western Railway and Central Railway reservation centres for up-to-date information on tickets and routes.

Long distance buses are run from Mumbai Central S.T. Bus Depot to several towns and cities. MTDC also operates a number of bus services throughout the year (except for the monsoon months) to scenic spots and tourist centres. One may check at MTDC counters for details.

Mumbai Accommodation

Hotels

Being Mumbai a metro city of India, it offers a wide range of hotels to tourists. One can find here budget hotels to star hotels with different levels of comfort and budget, which can fit with every pocket. All the hotels offer excellent service, comfort and cleanliness. For higher people, the Taj Mahal Hotel is near the Gateway of India and is the epitome of class and luxury. One can enjoy the luxury of beach resorts at Marve or lounge in a simple tent at Kihim or Bordi.

Restaurants 

The life in Mumbai is so fast and it gives hordes of fast-food outlets on almost every road, offering lip-smacking pav bhaji, bhel puri and kababs. Lots of posh restaurants have been opened in almost all the streets of Mumbai to cater the appetite of the city.

There are food joints, which offer South Indian Udipi fare, Gujarati thalis, Indian Chinese, typical North Indian Mughlai food and the current rage of Manglorean fish. International cuisines like Italian pasta to Thai curry and even Lebanese kababs are also available in Mumbai restaurants. Epicures can be treated to special treats at the continuous 'food festivals' held here.

Mumbai Tourist Attractions

Gateway of India, MaharashtraGateway of India
Gateway of India is regarded to be the starting point for most tourists who want to travel around the Mumbai city. This 26m-high structure has four turrets and intricate latticework carved into the yellow basalt stone. Mumbaites, as well as the foreign tourists come down to this place in the evening and take a cool rest from day's exhausting work schedules.

Marine Drive
Marine Drive is the place where Mumbaites hang out to cool down a while from the steamy hurried and busied life. As street lamps orderly line up on the edge of the beach, it is also known as called Queen's Necklace. Several Hindu religious ceremonies are taking place at Chowpatty like annual thread-tying ceremony, nariel-purnima and Ganesh Chaturthi immersions. Stalls on the beach, selling Bhelpuri, Kulfi and Paan make the chowpatty zesty.
Juhu Beach, MaharashtraJuhu Beach
Juhu is one of the most popular and posh beaches of India. This fizzing beach on the shores of Arabian Sea is the place where one can find the bungalows of Bollywood stars. Tourists can enjoy horse and donkey rides, dancing monkeys, acrobats, cricket matches, toy sellers etc. here.

Essel World
Essel World offers over 40 exciting rides, games, and attractions. The Water Kingdom is said to be the largest of its kind in Asia. It is a perfect destination for a one-day holiday.

Mani Bhawan
It has Gandhian literature, photographic exhibits, framed letters and 3-D tableaux of key events in Gandhi's life are displayed here. Gandhi's room and belongings including his books, his trademark 'Charkha' (spinning wheel) and 'Charpoy' (rope bed) are displayed here. It is place, where Gandhi first learned how to use the spinning wheel.

Jehangir Art Gallery
There is huge rush of artistes in this gallery to show one's works. Many of the artistes have to wait a couple of years to exhibit their works in this gallery. The building of the galler
Siddhivinayak Temple, Maharashtray is an enormous beautiful mansion. Jehangir Art Gallery is one of the Mumbai's well-known art galleries.

Siddhivinayak Temple
The temple has a Kalash, which is a pointed dome of 12 feet high Gabhara (sanctum sanctorum) weighing 1500 kg and plated in gold. So, it facilitates the 'Darshan' of Sri Siddhivinayak from either the area surrounding the Gabhara or the stage (Sabha Mandap) constructed to conduct pujas and festivities. The temple dates back to 18th Century. Vinayak is considered to be one of the Ashta Vinayak shrines of Maharashtra, celebrating eight instances of legends related to Ganesha.

Bollywood
Next to Hollywood, Mumbai is world's largest production centre for films. The Film City: 'Bollywood', as it is called, produces the second most number of films in the world every year.

Mumbai Fairs and Festivals

Ganesh Chaturthi, Mumbai, MaharashtraGanesh Chaturthi is the biggest festival in Mumbai. It is celebrated with great grandeur for 11 days in the months of October or November. Hindu God Ganesh is worshipped in this festival.

Navratri is also celebrated with great fun and enthusiasm in Mumbai. Dandiya Raas is performed with sticks on the tunes of the thundering drums. Traditionally clad people of all ages take part in the dance with greatest fervour. These days, the traditional instruments like the dhol and sehnai are taken over by remix songs.

Diwali is also celebrated with colourful and dazzling light all over the city like any other city in India. This Hindu festival is celebrated on the moonless night of November every year. The best area to visit in this festival is Marine Drive that shines bright in the light of the innumerable firecrackers. The earthen lamps are floated on the waters at the Banganaga tank in a traditional way.

Mumbai International Film Festival is organized once in every two years. Different film producers and directors throng to Mumbai for the festival. Mumbaites and visitors from outside especially the film buffs can enjoy good time during this festival. Short, documentary and animation films are screened at the Nehru Auditorium in the month of February.

Elephanta Festival is organized at Elephanta islands, which is so near to Mumbai. It is organised in the month of February. Renowned dancers and musicians perform outside the caves of Elephanta under the starry sky in front of the selected and appreciative audience. Special launch services and catering arrangements are also provided for visitors.

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